Novembre 2024
Lundi 9h30 Salle Condorcet Séminaire externe |
“ Computing the evolution of plant development : how to make petals and meristems ” |
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Renske VROOMANS (The Sainsbury Laboratory, UK)
Host: Gwyneth INGRAM
"I am a theoretical biologist — I study biological phenomena by making computer models to simulate the underlying processes. My research centres around the evolutionary dynamics of developmental processes, also known as evo-devo. At the Sainsbury Laboratory I am employing computational models to study the long-term evolution of plant development and integrating understandings of how gene regulatory networks and dynamical processes that generate complex morphologies can evolve.
Understanding how multicellular life has changed and how undifferentiated cells have established patterning and shape to develop into complex organs will tell us more about how plants have evolved. The time scales of these evolutionary processes are vast, and therefore difficult to study in the lab alone. By constructing computer models I can simulate an evolving population of plants which have to grow and develop. When a successful plant reproduces, its offspring will inherit their genome, with mutations. In this way, I can simulate thousands of years of evolution in days or weeks, and store a perfect fossil record of all the changes in the developmental program. This allows me to study in detail how, over evolutionary time, the accumulation of mutations leads to new developmental programs that make new organs. By switching up the starting conditions or the environment, we can dissect why modern plant organs function the way they do now." |
Lundi 11h00 Salle Condorcet Séminaire externe |
"Understanding the interactions between gut microbiota and the central nervous system” | |
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Ilana GABANYI (Gulbenkian Institute, Lisbon)
Hosts: Amélie JOLY & Lucas REBIFFÉ
"Gut bacteria influence brain functions and behaviors. However, the mechanisms are not clear yet. In my work I have interrogated whether this influence rely on the direct sensing of bacterial products by brain neurons. We showed that muropeptides, components of the peptidoglycan, present in every bacteria cell wall, plays a role in mediating microbiota-gut-brain communication via the Nod2 receptor. We show that brain neurons express Nod2 and that muropeptides can reach the brain. Moreover, we show that the expression of Nod2 by hypothalamic inhibitory neurons is essential for proper appetite and body temperature control. This effect is observed only in older female mice and is obliterated in the absence of microbiota. This study revealed that brain neurons respond directly to bacterial muropeptides, highlighting a new microbe-sensing pathway necessary to maintain physiological control of host metabolism. Our lab is now following 3 lines of research as a follow up of this work: (1) Sex and age aspect of the microbiota-gut-brain axis; (2) New downstream effects of muropeptide signaling in the brain and (3) The trafficking mechanism of muropeptides from the gut to the brain."
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Lundi 11h00
Seminar room IBCP
Séminaire externe |
"TBC" | |
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Mathew STRACY (Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK)
Hôte: C. LESTERLIN
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Mardi 11h00
Seminar room IBCP
Séminaire Externe |
“Exploring Biofabrication for Development of 3D In Vitro Models and Healthcare Devices” | |
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Priscilla MELO (Tissue engineering laboratory, University of Newcastle)
Host: J. SOHIER
"Dr. Priscila Melo is a Lecturer in Bioengineering at Newcastle University (U.K.), specializing in biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Her research, leveraging her PhD in Additive Manufacturing, includes developing new bioinks and injectables, and using Bioprinting technologies like extrusion printing and volumetric light projection to create 3D tissue models and tissue regeneration platforms. She also explores antimicrobial substances from plant-based compounds and bacterial by-products for treating chronic wounds, combining them with nanoparticles and electrospun substrates.
Dr. Melo's work has led to multiple publications, two patents (in progress), and the founding of JetBio, a company focused on the exploitation of the Reactive Jet Impingement (ReJI) technology, developed at Newcastle University. As an early-career researcher, she co-leads the Tissue Engineering Laboratory and the Makerspace at Newcastle University and serves as a board director for the Centre for Research Excellence in Biomedical Engineering. A strong advocate for women in STEM, she leads the “Girls in Engineering” outreach program, promoting diversity and inspiring future scientists." |
Mardi 11h00 Salle 63 Séminaire Externe |
“Investigating the genetic and genomic basis of sexual size and shape dimorphism: Are there meaningful genetic constraints?” | |
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Ian DWORKIN (McMaster University, Canada)
Hôte : Abdou KHILA
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Mardi 11h00 Salle des thèses, CRC
Séminaire Externe |
“ Caractérisation de Particules Virales par Nanopores ” | |
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Léa CHAZOT-FRANGUIADAKIS (Laboratoire de Physique, équipe Matière & complexité, ENS-Lyon) Our research focuses on the development of a nanopore-based device for real-time detection and characterisation of viruses at the single particle level. This platform offers two modes: targeted detection and quantification of a specific virus (candidate approach) or unbiased identification of viral particles (unbiased approach) in complex samples. The technique is based on the optical detection of fluorescently labelled viruses transported through nanopores. In this presentation, I will show that thanks to the fluorescent labelling, the degree of specificity of this method can be modulated according to the application to target, for example, the whole enveloped particle, the viral genome or a surface protein of interest. I will then show that, unlike traditional methods such as PCR or antigenic assays, our system detects viral particles in their entirety, giving access to empty versus full particle ratios. This versatile approach enables precise and rapid quantification of particle concentration (around 30 min). We have applied this method to numerous viral types (AAV, HBV, HIV, SC2, InfV, ...) and we are keen to develop new collaborations on new viral types and/or new applications.
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Mercredi 11h00 Amphi L
Séminaire externe |
"Epistasis, genetic background, and the challenge of (meaningfully) estimating genetic effects" | |
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Ian DWORKIN (McMaster University, Canada)
Hôte : S. PANTALACCI |
Mercredi 11h00
Seminar room IBCP
Séminaire externe |
“ Membranes are Functionalized by a Proteolipid Code ” | |
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Michael OVERDUIN (Laboratoire de Géraldine Laloux, à l'Institut de Duve, Bruxelles)
Host: C. GRANGEASSE
A universal model is presented wherein all membranes are organized into structural and functional zones, including the contact sites that connect organelles. This proteolipid code model challenges the theory that lipids create stable membrane subregions independently of proteins whereto proteins are sorted. Instead membranes are organized assemblies of proteins and lipids that designate subcellular destinations where proteins localize and become activated. The basic architecture of zones consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded integral proteins and peripheral proteins that associate with a single leaflet. We formulate an explicit framework for membrane structure centred around the concept of a membrane zone, which we define as a region of biological membrane enclosing a contiguous group of particles capable of working together to perform a biological function. Zones can be characterized into a set of organized levels with analogy to the structure hierarchy that describes proteins, providing a framework through which membrane contact zones can be conceptualized and interrogated. Together, the proteolipid code completes the cycle of information that allows cells to function from every level that emanates from the genetic code. |
Mardi 11h00 Salle 006 Résistance, Rosalind Franklin Seminar series on CryoEM and mass spectrometry (Registration necessary) |
« Role of resident memory T lymphocytes in anti-tumor vaccination and cancer immunotherapy » | |
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"Bound Together: Mass Spectrometry and Cryo-EM"
Lear more at: thermofisher.com/emresources
Or contact : deniz.ugurlar@thermofisher.com & christiane.riedel@ens-lyon.fr
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9.00-9.30 Welcome and Introduction to Cryo-EM
Deniz Ugurlar, PhD., Thermo Fisher Scientific 9.30-10.00 Leveraging Mass Spectrometry for Cryo-EM Albert Konijnenberg, PhD., Thermo Fisher Scientific 10.00-10.45 Introduction to Mass Spec and Its Integration with Cryo-EM Rosa Viner, PhD., Thermo Fisher Scientific 10.45-11.15 Break 11.15-12.00 Cryo-Electron Tomography: Analyzing Molecular Interactions in their Native Context Itziar Serna Martin, PhD, Thermo Fisher Scientific 12.00-13.00 Lunch 13.00-13.30 TBD Prof. Pierre-Damien COUREUX, IBCP Lyon 13.30-14.00 TBD Dr. Pascal Albanese, CEA Grenoble 14.00-14.30 Closing remarks
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Mardi 19/11/2024 11h00
Seminar room IBCP
Séminaire externe
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“ Vibrational Spectroscopy and Imaging of the Skin Barrier: From In Vitro Models to In Vivo Human Studies ” | |
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Pr. David MOORE (University of Edinburgh)
Hôte : M. HAFTEK
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Mardi 19/11/2024 11h00
Salle des Thèses CRC
Séminaire externe
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“ The evolution of MDR clones: why are some lineages just better ” | |
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Pr. Alan MCNALLY (University of Burmingham)
Host: Xavier CHARPENTIER
Multi-drug resistance in E. coli is not uniformly present, but rather a few clones dominate the MDR landscape. This is driven by acquisition of mobile genetic elements, but the key question is why don't all E. coli acquire and maintain these plasmids? In this talk, I will present over a decade of work aiming to address this question, using population genomics, experimental evolution and in vitro and in-vivo experiments to try and uptangle why some clones are better than others. |
Jeudi
21/11/2024 10h30
Amphi G2
Séminaire externe
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"Dynamics of Bacterial Genomes and Evolution "Between Chance and Necessity"..." | |
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Emilie DORDET-FRISONI (équipe InTheRes, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Toulouse)
Host : Maria-Halima LAABERKI
Horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) shape bacterial genomes and play a major role in microbial diversity and innovation. Throughout my scientific career, my goal has been to better understand bacterial genome plasticity and the impact of HGTs on their adaptation and evolution. Two model organisms have served as the basis for my studies: Staphylococcus aureus and mycoplasmas. S. aureus is a ubiquitous Gram-positive bacterium that is relatively easy to culture in vitro. In contrast, mycoplasmas, considered minimal organisms, have small genomes, reduced metabolic pathways, and are highly dependent on their host. These two models, with their distinct ecologies and genetics, have allowed me to highlight the crucial role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bacterial adaptation and evolution.
In mycoplasmas, I discovered a novel mechanism of genetic material exchange through conjugation involving integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and a new process called Mycoplasma Chromosomal Transfer (MCT). This mechanism enables the massive transfer of chromosomal fragments, generating surprising genetic diversity, even in so-called “minimal” organisms. More recently, in S. aureus, we have established the central role of MGEs in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with plasmids acting as the main vectors in this process. Plasmids and their associated ARGs spread both within the same S. aureus sequence type (ST) and between different STs, highlighting the key role of MGEs in shaping the pan-resistome of S. aureus, without host restriction, whether human or animal. These studies underscore the incredible evolutionary potential of bacteria, whether they have reduced or more complex genomes. Thanks to MGEs and the gene transfers they induce, bacteria can adapt to diverse environments, coexist or compete with other organisms, and resist antibiotics. Understanding the mechanisms behind the dissemination of these elements is crucial to opening new avenues for the control of multi-resistant infections, particularly through better management of interactions between bacteria and the environment under the "One Health" concept. |
"TBC" | ||
Jeudi 26/11/2024 11h00
Amphi Pasteur
Séminaire externe
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Himanshu KUMAR Host: Mathieu IAMPIETRO |